[i]- Vernon Schuble, Berkeley, Karbala as Sacred Space among North American Shiite, University of California Press, 1995.

[ii]- Schuble, V, Religious Performance in Contemporary Islam: Shi'i devotional Ritual in South Asia.

[iii]- Fier, Louis, The Celebration of Ashura in Sunni Islam, Columbia,S,C, 1993.

[iv]- Chelkowski, P , Ta`ziyeh: Ritual and Drama in Iran, New York: NYU Press, 1979.

[v] - اين اثر را داود حاتمي به فارسي ترجمه و با عنوان تعزيه هنر بومي پيشرو ايران منتشر كرد: (تهران، انتشارات علمي و فرهنگي، 1367.

[vi]- Mazzaoui, Michel M. Shi'ism and Ashura in south Lebanon, pp 228-37, in Ta`ziyeh: Ritual and Drama in Iran, New York: NYU Press, 1979.

[vii]- Baktash, Mayel, Ta'ziyeh and its Philosophy, pp 95-12, in, Ta`ziyeh: Ritual and Drama in Iran, New York: NYU Press, 1979.

[viii]- Peterson, Samuel, Ta`ziyeh: Ritual and Popular Beliefs in Iran, Ed, Milla Cozart Riggo, Hartford, Conn, Trinty College,1988.